Every system of this kind has to have some kind of justification, to constitute it intelligible and acceptable to human beings generally and to parents with children in the schools in particular. This was provided, at that age, by the theory of ‘intelligence’, it will be enough, therefore, to remind ourselves here that it was the received view that children are -born with a given amount of ‘intelligence’, inherited from their parents; that this endowment is fixed and unchangeable (whatever their educational or lifetime experiences) and that it is easily and accurately measured by an ‘intelligence check’. Tests of this…
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